What are Properties of Matter? – Types, Examples

Introduction 

Matter is the fundamental component that constitutes everything in the universe. From the air we breathe to the ground we walk on, matter is present in every aspect of our lives. Understanding the properties of matter is crucial in the field of chemistry as it helps us comprehend how substances interact, change, and transform. This article will explore the concept of matter, delve into its various properties, and provide examples to illustrate these properties. 

What is Matter? 

Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat, consists of matter. In chemistry, matter is classified into three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. Each state of matter has distinct properties determined by the arrangement and energy of its particles. 

Solids maintain a definite shape and volume because their particles are closely packed in an orderly structure. Liquids have a fixed volume but can change shape to fit their container because their particles are close together but can move past one another. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume; their particles are far apart and move freely. 

Matter is composed of atoms and molecules, which are in constant motion. The type of atoms, the number of atoms, and how they bond together determine the matter’s properties. Understanding these properties is crucial for identifying and utilizing different materials effectively. 

Matter can also exist in other states such as plasma and Bose-Einstein condensates under specific conditions. Understanding matter involves studying its properties, which are broadly categorized into physical, chemical, and thermal properties. 

What are Properties of Matter? 

Properties of matter refer to the characteristics that define and describe different substances. These properties help scientists and students understand how matter behaves under various conditions. Properties of matter are divided into two main types: physical properties and chemical properties. 

Types of Properties of Matter 

The properties of matter are classified into two types,  

1. Physics properties of matter 
2. Chemical properties of matter 

Physical Properties of Matter

Physical properties are attributes of matter that can be observed or measured without altering the substance’s chemical identity. These properties are further divided into intensive and extensive properties. 

Examples of Physical Properties of Matter 

Here are a few examples of physical properties of matter. 

• Color: The appearance or color of a substance. 
• Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance. 
• Melting Point: The specific temperature at which a solid transforms into a liquid. 
• Boiling Point: The specific temperature at which a liquid transforms into a gas. 
• Hardness: The resistance of a material to deformation or scratching. 
• Solubility: The capacity of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. 

The physical properties of matter are further classified into two types. Now let’s understand the sub classification of physical properties of matter. 

Intensive Properties of Matter 

Intensive properties remain constant regardless of the amount of matter present. These properties do not change regardless of the quantity of the substance. Examples include: 

• Density: As mentioned, density is mass per unit volume and does not change with the amount of substance. 
• Color: The hue of a substance remains unchanged regardless of its quantity. 
• Melting Point and Boiling Point: These temperatures are specific to the substance and do not vary with the amount. 

Extensive Properties of Matter 

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present. These properties change when the quantity of the substance changes. Examples include: 

• Mass: The amount of matter in a substance. 
• Volume: The space that a substance occupies. 
• Length: The measurement of an object from one end to the other. 

Chemical Properties of Matter

Chemical properties of matter describe how a substance interacts with other substances and how it changes its chemical identity. These properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction. Examples include: 

• Reactivity: The ability of a substance to undergo chemical changes. 
• Flammability: The ability of a substance to burn or ignite. 
• Acidity or Basicity: The pH level of a substance, indicating its acidic or basic nature. 
• Oxidation States: The state of a substance in terms of electron loss or gain. 

Chemical Properties of Matter Examples 

A few examples of chemical properties of matter are, 

1. Reactivity with Water: Some substances, like sodium, react vigorously with water, while others, like gold, do not react at all. 
2. Flammability: Substances like gasoline are highly flammable, whereas water is not. 
3. Acidity: Vinegar is acidic with a low pH, while baking soda is basic with a high pH. 
4. Oxidation: Iron reacts with oxygen to form rust, demonstrating its oxidation property. 

Thermal Properties of Matter

Thermal properties refer to how a substance responds to heat. These properties are crucial in understanding heat transfer and the behavior of substances under different temperature conditions. Examples include: 

• Thermal Conductivity: The capability of a substance to transfer heat. 
• Heat Capacity: The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance. 
• Thermal Expansion: The propensity of a substance to expand upon heating. 

Difference Between Physical Properties and Chemical Properties of Matter 

The major difference between physical properties and chemical properties are tabulated below, 

Physical Properties and Chemical Properties of Matter Difference 

Parameter	Physical Properties	Chemical Properties
Definition	Characteristics observed without changing chemical identity	Characteristics observed during chemical changes
Dependency	Independent of chemical composition	Dependent on chemical composition
Examples	Color, Density, Melting Point	Reactivity, Flammability, Acidity
Observation	Can be measured directly	Observed during chemical reactions
Change in Substance	No new substance formed	New substances formed
Measurement	Easily measurable	Not always easily measurable
Conservation of Mass	Mass remains constant	Mass may change due to reactions
State Changes	Includes changes like melting and boiling	Includes changes like combustion
Intensive/Extensive	Includes both types	Generally intensive properties
Applications	Used in physical analysis	Used in chemical analysis

Final Verdict 

Understanding the properties of matter is fundamental in chemistry and helps in the study of various substances and their interactions. Physical properties allow us to identify and classify substances, while chemical properties explain how substances change and react. Thermal properties provide insights into how substances behave under different temperatures. By grasping these concepts, students can better comprehend the natural world and the materials around them. 

For a seamless understanding of various concepts, just like those explained above, explore the Tutoroot Blog section for simplified learning experiences. Elevate your comprehension of subjects and have your queries addressed through Tutoroot’s Chemistry Online Tuition. Start your learning journey with Tutoroot’s online home tuitions by scheduling a FREE DEMO session today. 

FAQs 

Give Properties of matter examples. 

Examples include density, color, melting point, boiling point (physical properties), reactivity, flammability (chemical properties), and thermal conductivity (thermal properties). 

What are thermal properties of matter? 

Thermal properties include thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion, describing how substances respond to heat. 

What are extensive properties and intensive properties? 

Extensive properties vary with the quantity of matter (e.g., mass, volume), whereas intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter (e.g., density, color). 

What are physical properties of matter? 

Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance’s chemical identity, such as density, color, melting point, and boiling point.